Find answers to common questions about how our products and teams work to protect schools and support safer communities.
We manufacture our own drones and their firmware, because our needs are very specific - agile drones for indoor use, allowing remote piloting from thousands of miles away.
Campus Guardian Angel’s drones are American-made and affordable. Additionally, they have a wide range and can be flown from thousands of miles away.
We have modeled our security architecture for managing and flying drones on US classified networks. This means that the network the drones are flying on is hardware encrypted and not internet addressable. We also use encryption and authentication on that isolated domain as part of a Defense In Depth strategy. No system is “100% secure”, but hackers would need to break through many defenses to gain access to our drones, similar to accessing Top Secret networks used by the nation’s senior leadership. We have several people on our team with experience designing and operating US Top Secret classified networks.
Our drones support two-way communication through an embedded speakerphone, so we can engage verbally with a threat, or communicate to teachers and school staff. The drones can also fly through windows, using a front lance to break through. For distraction, our drones support sirens and strobes. For degradation, our drones support a focused pepper gel spray mechanism that can make it difficult for him/her to see. As a last resort, our drones can be used in kinetic energy hits on a confirmed shooter, to greatly degrade or incapacitate him/her. Our goal is to escalate the effects in waves of 3 drones, keeping the shooter occupied until he/she can be apprehended by authorized responders.
The drones do not decide anything, we don’t use AI. Our operations commanders decide when to apply effects, instructing our human pilots to do so. Our commanders always attempt to gain permission for use of force from a sworn officer or school administrator at the district or location before acting, however in situations in which lives are at immediate risk, we will act to intervene immediately.
Primarily because lethal effects are not necessary to stop school shooters, and they would dramatically increase the impact of any mistaken actions (over pepper spray). Bullets can pass through walls, injuring or killing bystanders on the other side, whereas all of the effects of our drones are tightly constrained and less lethal. A unique attribute of a drone-based response is just how effective they can be against a person who is lethally armed.
In addition, research shows that many school shooters are suicidal before they are homicidal. In these cases, the use of non-lethal deterrents can actually be more effective, as they deny the attacker the outcome they may be seeking.
Our Black Arrow drones are specifically designed for school safety. Yes, drones are used by the military, but so are Android tablets and the internet (which was famously created by DARPA). Our focus is providing the most elite, effective and rapid service we can to keep kids safe and save lives. Our mission is to ensure that all kids can have an education free from the fear of mass gun violence.
We typically put 21 to 60 drones per school, depending on the size of the school. Our goal is to have overwhelming capability if a shooting were to occur, and we need to be in all areas of the school so that we can reach the different areas during a lockdown.
Today we are only deploying our drones inside the school buildings while we wait on FAA approval to be able to also fly them outside. We expect to gain the necessary approvals to also operate outside by the end of 2025.
Right now we are only doing Beyond Visual Line Of Sight (BVLOS) piloting and applying effects indoors, outside of the National Air Space (NAS). We are working with the FAA to gain waivers to do the same outside, so that we can save the lives of children in the parking lot.
Yes, every state has a Good Samaritan law on the books, which permits a bystander to use anything up to and including lethal force to protect themselves and others if they are in immanent risk of death or grievous bodily harm. We are flying indoors today, but working with the FAA to get approval to fly outdoors too.
Drones are like mosquitoes - they are hard to shoot. Even if a shooter does manage to hit one drone, we are sending waves of multiple drones, and whatever time and bullets are being expended shooting at the drones are not being expended injuring or killing children and teachers. We tested our system against three former tier one operators, who are incredibly accurate shots, and all of them thought that they would be defeated by waves of our less lethal drones.
Typically, around 12 to 15 minutes on a single battery charge, depending on how dynamically we fly it. This is plenty of time to find and apply effects to a shooter, and we also typically employ multiple waves of drones, so it’s rare that we take a drone all the way down to zero battery.
The drones’ batteries typically last around 12 to 15 minutes, which is longer than the entire length of most active shooter events - the shooting is usually over in several minutes. For false alarms and clearing, we can rotate through the drone fleet on site - taking a drone back to its charging dock and flying another drone with a full battery each time we run it down. Clearing buildings in false alarms with drones partnering with on-site security teams is typically significantly faster than with security teams by themselves, reducing trauma in students and allowing them to get back to studying more quickly and with less disruption.
Our drones have a lance on them that can fly through windows that do not have ballistic film on them. If the room has no exterior or interior windows, our drone pilots can team with school staff to open a door and allow the drone to fly in and clear the room. We are also working on a ‘drone door’, analogous to a dog door, that can be preinstalled close to the ceiling and will remote open when a drone flies up to it.
No. We only fly the drones when we are alerted that children’s lives are in danger, and when we have confirmed that the threat is credible by our own ops team, based on processes designed with a school district's safety team. Our service is focused on saving lives as part of crisis response to gun threats - it is not designed to stop school fights or figure out who has been kicking the vending machines.
No not yet, and we hope we never will. Just us being in a school is a significant deterrent to someone considering committing a school shooting. But we practice extensively, and are ready to do so when needed.
We have done our own testing with elite threat actors (former tier one operators), which demonstrated efficacy. We have also done joint exercises with the FBI and school districts, seeing far faster response times than with officers alone. The University of Florida and Texas State University are doing a shared methods research project studying our service to investigate whether and how much our service would help in a real school shooting.
We are working with the University of Florida and Texas State University on a shared methods, independent study over the coming months, using the pilot schools as scenario locations.
No, it is not AI. We have elite human pilots flying the drones, including some of the best drone racing pilots in the world. The drone pilots are under the command of one of our Operations Commanders, who have decades of tactical and hostage rescue experience.
We work hard to avoid single points of failure. We have multiple drones in each of our boxes, and multiple boxes that operate independently of each other. We also have two separate network connections at each site into our flight system network. If a drone fails or even if a whole box somehow fails, our goal is to ensure that we can still maintain an effective response.
All alarms are instigated by the schools we serve, and typically a school lockdown invokes a massive law enforcement response. We respond to false alarms, just like law enforcement, and we expect far more false alarms than real events - it is the nature of school safety.
We have multiple boxes to ensure that taking one box out of the picture does not dampen our response, and we can detect interference at a box via vibration sensors. Of course, whenever a shooter is shooting at one of our boxes, he’s spending time and bullets not shooting at people, and we can still pursue him/her from another box once we know that shots have been fired.
We will typically first deploy a distraction mechanism such as sirens and strobes, and tell the shooter to surrender. If he/she does not surrender, we will escalate to deploying pepper gel spray at the shooter, making it more difficult for the shooter to see or operate effectively. We then again tell the shooter to surrender via a speaker on one of the drones. If the shooter persists in attempting violence, we will then escalate to kinetic energy hits, in which we hit the shooter with drones at speeds ranging from 40mph to 70mph. Our goal is to ensure that the shooter surrenders the ability to cause harm - one way or another.
We do not use AI for targeting, our drones are flown by elite pilots. All target decisions are taken by one of our operations commanders, who have decades of tactical experience in special forces and SWAT, in conjunction with law enforcement. Our operations commanders have spent their careers diagnosing and triaging tactical entries at high speed - they are the best at what they do. They can tell the difference between a plain clothes police officer and a threat. In addition, we have a force escalation process, all effects are less lethal, and we can take longer deciding what to do because we don’t care if a drone gets shot.
We specifically fly our drones closer to the ceiling to draw fire away from children on the ground. Hostage rescue is incredibly difficult, and there is no guarantee of 100% success with no collateral damage, but every parent would want some type of forceful response to an active shooter (not just waiting for it to be over).
We have incredible pilots who practice all the time, and are all nationally ranked drone racing pilots. We have propeller guards covering the propellers in case of accidental contract, and we have a $5M per incident insurance policy for accidental damage or injury. We moderate our speed depending on context, only accelerating to faster speeds immediately before an intended kinetic impact or in larger spaces.
Our drones have a two-way speaker and microphone on them. This allows our team in our ops center to communicate to law enforcement officers verbally with messages such as “follow me and I’ll take you to the suspect” or “open the door and we’ll go in to clear the room and tell you what we see”. We also have mobile apps that allow our ops center to talk to officers on site. The key to teaming with law enforcement is using the drones to clear corners for them and enter rooms before they do.
Ensuring consistent signal in buildings is a key challenge we continue to work on. We bring our own special network to the schools to control the drones. We have designed our communications technology to have long range through concrete and other structures (operating at the 900 MHz spectrum), and to avoid spectrum congestion caused by school Wifi (in the 2.4GHz spectrum). In addition to having long distance communications systems, we also support mesh networking, with drone roaming between antennas.
Not for us, because our drones operate at 900 MHz, which few other systems operate at, unlike 2.4 GHz, which is the Wifi open band and is often blasted out by school Wifi systems.
Not very visible. They look like air conditioning boxes close to the ceiling, and become part of the ‘wallpaper’ of the school, just like sprinkler systems.
If communications fail, the drone hovers, and then slowly lands. We don’t rely on GPS. If a battery fails, the drone will no longer be able to fly, but we continuously monitor battery health in our drones using remote telemetry. If one drone fails during an event, we take one of the others from the fleet instead. Catastrophic software failure is always a risk, but we use DevOps best practices to minimize the risk.
Again it is worth noting that:
This would most likely happen in drone box, and would not effect anyone as it is a gel (not a powder or aerosol), so would not leave the box. We would send someone to clean it up. If the drone is flying outside of the box and deploys pepper spray, we will again send a response and after action team to the school, and collaborate with law enforcement. Note that the pepper gel really has to land on a person or be ingested to significantly affect them.
We are not aware of any specific adverse implications, but would be happy to consult with your school on this. We are only flying the drones when kids’ lives are at risk. Some schools have asked us whether we could help with tracking down special needs kids who have run away from the school property and are the subject of a search.
Yes, that would be the goal of a high speed hit. Our pilots only accelerate to faster speeds:
No. In the past, our goal was what was called NDAA Compliance, which excluded things that don’t carry data, like plastics and motors. After recent changes from the FCC, we have moved to a 100% China free policy in our supply chain, so our batteries, motors, frames, propellers, etc are not sourced from China (or other banned nations), and wherever possible we source our components from the US.
No. Other companies do continuous monitoring for active shooters as part of their service offering, our goal is to activate and begin watching cameras once we are activated by a teacher in a given school.
We can be activated in different ways, including - via a mobile app, 911 call, panic button or gun detection technology.
We integrate with a school’s existing cameras. We place a special network box at the school site, behind the firewall. It operates similarly to an Internet Of Things (IOT) home appliance, collecting the sensor data and then forwarding it over to our servers over a secure connection. We downsample the video (make it smaller) so that we can get all the on-site cameras to stream thumb nail videos to our ops team. Note again that we only commence this video forwarding once we are called to investigate a shooting in that moment, and we stop the video streaming once the event is completed.
For our apps, we do use encryption and strong authentication. Access to our drones is deemed more sensitive, so we use additional security mechanisms for communicating with and controlling our drones that are similar to how US classified networks operate.
Yes. We use GPS to get an area for each person, and we integrate with beacon-based systems such as some panic buttons that provide more accurate location information.
We use a special sensor (LiDAR) and camera to create a digital copy or twin of a school. We then import that data set into our 3D viewing application, built on a video game engine called Unreal.
A Common Operating Picture (COP) is a shared picture of what’s happening in a given location or area of a map, typically showing friendly actors and threat actors.
Yes, we can tie into panic buttons as a trigger to tell us to go look at a school campus and see if there’s an active shooter event going on there.
Yes, AI gun detection can be another trigger that tells our ops team to go look at a given school campus, to see whether a person has a gun at the campus.
Yes, we share information with law enforcement, like what clothes a threat is wearing, their rate of fire and competency, as well as what effects we’ve applied to the threat. We can also show the digital twin of the school to law enforcement, both on mobile devices for responding officers and via a web experience for 911 center operators. We curate which video fees to show. This is similar to how a TV crew for a sports game picks the best camera angles to give a viewer the best idea of what’s going on - often a viewer at home can be better informed in close to real-time than a person just watching from the stands.
Yes, during an event we keep parents appraised as the situation evolves, with a communications strategy co-authored with the school district leadership.
During an event we also have a dedicated staff liaison who gives teachers and other members of staff real-time updates on what’s happening. No more sitting there in the dark waiting for an update. In addition, teachers can use our app to indicate they have a medical emergency in their class, like a student’s insulin system ceasing to function due to network issues, and our ops team can then prioritize getting medical treatment to the classroom.
Yes, we record everything during a response for compliance purposes. After an event, we work with a school district’s law enforcement team to create an After-Action Report, document any lessons learned and support law enforcement in any public disclosures they make. Appropriately authorized members of law enforcement must sign off any recorded content before it can be released publicly. We maintain privacy of recorded footage, and do not release it without approval from law enforcement and/or the school district.
We install:
We have worked to minimize our infrastructure impact:
There are various parts to this:
We have a mix of former elite US special forces and law enforcement professionals, as well as elite drone racing pilots. Together they work to find the threat, confront the threat with drones, and communicate with other stakeholders including law enforcement, school staff, parents and students.
Each team has 11 members, made up of:
Train and rehearse. Just like an elite special forces unit, we spend a lot of time practicing hostage rescue and active shooter response. Our team also works on the drones and on evolving our apps to improve our situational awareness during events.
We train in our own buildings, training centers we partner with, at schools that have deployed our service together with their security resources, and in a simulator that we have created to allow us to train more challenging scenarios without causing unnecessary stress to children or teachers.
We currently only train with law enforcement when children are not in the buildings. We plan to participate in joint drills with schools only once school administrators are comfortable with and have approved the perceived risks involved.
Typically 1-3 days - it’s a lot like working with a canine, which many officers have practiced, but we can talk to the officer through the drone to understand each other versus relying entirely on hand signals with a dog.
At any given time during our covered hours, we have one full team sat in our primary operations center ready to go. That team is leaning very far forwards, so much so that we can make a decision on a course of action in 5 seconds. We then have other full teams on standby. When our primary team is engaged in an event, the second team immediately reconstitutes, and if it becomes busy, the third does the same, so we always have a full team ready to respond in seconds to a new alert. Our current operations center is in South Austin, and we plan to build more operations centers in other states as our deployment base grows.
We often partner with school district safety teams to conduct joint exercises and demonstrate the solution before deploying to the district. When we deploy to a site, we work with on-site security staff to plan the best locations to place our drones, how many boxes are required, and to scan the campus in order to create the digital twin and connect all the sensor feeds. The deployment includes determining procedures for different types of events, and the policies for when we respond - our Concept of Operations (CONOPS). We conduct joint training and tests with on-site security staff at various intervals to ensure we will operate together successfully in a real event. Ultimately, our goal is to reduce the risk to life to security staff, and avoid putting security staff in situations in which they can make a mistake - e.g. target acquisition while clearing. This is true for on-site security personnel, armed teachers, school guardians, and anyone else appropriately authorized by the school or local authorities as part of a response.
Once law enforcement arrives on the scene, we hand off command and control to law enforcement and support them as a service while they continue the response. We pass situational awareness of what we’re seeing - before, during and after the hand off. We also team our pilots with law enforcement, going ahead of law enforcement officers and other security personnel as they clear corridors and rooms. Our drones have a speaker and microphone, so our central ops team can talk to law enforcement officers like another member of the team - making their roles easier and reducing risk.
We store all video footage from an event response, including security camera footage we had access to, drone camera footage, chat messages, voice communications - everything. We make this available to school district safety teams, and participate in after action reports. Our role is supporting school officials in their evaluation of the response, any requests for information must be routed through the local authorities with which we collaborate.
We have a nationwide installation partner that works with many high street brands. The school can agree with us to use them, or the school can use its own facilities team. Mounting the boxes is like mounting TVs on the walls, but likely will require a vertical lift as the boxes should be close to the ceiling.
Yes, often better than people on site:
The drone operators are part of a whole response team for each incident, situational awareness is the responsibility of the whole team, which includes people with decades of experience in tactical operations centers.
No. We operate a managed service, the only people flying the drones are our highly trained, world-class pilots.
We are fans of any brave person who wants to put their life on the line to defend children from gun violence. Many of our team have worked in tactical roles, defending our nation and our citizens from bad actors. Schools decide which schools should have police officers and how many, budgets are often a key factor, and the level of support from citizens for the taxes necessary to pay for the officers. Our goals are to make each and every law enforcement officer in a school both safer and more effective, just as small drones are doing this for our warfighters and SWAT teams today.
Our founder Justin Marston watched how drones were incredibly effective against infantry soldiers in Ukraine, even though the drones do not have guns. One Ukrainian special forces operator told us that in 600 missions, the drone had only got shot once, even though the targeted soldiers could hear the drone coming and knew what to expect. It’s similar to trying to shoot a mosquito. The challenge in school shootings is all about response time - every second matters and every delay can increase loss of life. Justin realized that if the drones could be low enough cost and flown remotely, they could be put everywhere like fire sprinkler systems, and then operated by a centralized elite team.
Justin reached out to Bill King in November 2023, who had recently retired from the SEAL teams, and Bill thought the model could work. We then scheduled a technology demonstration at the Rosedale School Active Shooter Training Site in Austin, and recruited some of the best drone pilots in the country to fly against former elite special forces threat actors. The technology demonstration was successful, and that that led to the company being formed.
Justin Marston is a serial technology entrepreneur in Austin, having previously started four other investor-backed technology companies in national and cyber security as well as consumer and business software (SaaS). Bill King is a Navy SEAL veteran, having spent 32 years in the SEAL teams, he has been involved in numerous operations around the world including hostage rescue operations, and kinetic strike operations with Predator drones.
This is a political question, and not one that we can help with. Given the US Constitution, it seems extremely unlikely that guns will be banned anytime soon, and our focus is on how we can make kids safer from gun violence right now.
Most schools already have hundreds of cameras in each school, filming all the time. Our drones require a human pilot and have a 12 to 15 minute battery life before needing to be recharged. In a typical school, the existing camera systems will capture decades worth of video footage each year while our drones will typically capture only a few hours of footage each year.
Yes. False alarms cost school districts millions of dollars each year and often take hours to clear. Our central team having a fused sensor picture (video cameras, other sensors as deployed) of what's happening in the school reduces the pressure during room clearing operations. Also, our drones can clear more quickly and more safely than requiring armed officers brandishing guns to move through every room of the school. Our goals are to work with on-site law enforcement to clear the alarm as fast as possible, minimizing the risk of collateral damage and trauma projected on children and staff during the lockdown. Having access to real-time information can reduce the unknowns for teachers and avoid mistaken identity – such as thinking the sound of officers clearing toilet stalls is in fact gunfire.
A third of high schools went through a gun lockdown they believed was real in the 2022–23 school year (Pew Research). False alarms can still cause significant trauma in both teachers and students, especially when they are prolonged and people are unsure whether they are real or not. We have spoken to teachers who are still traumatized from false alarms years after they occurred. Better communication during alarms and faster resolution are key to minimizing trauma.
Most school shootings are over in under 120 seconds, and the majority end before external law enforcement arrives on scene. This is why every second matters, because it can mean lives saved. Just like sprinkler systems in schools for fires, the faster the threat is confronted and pacified, the lower the injury and casualty numbers.
We have found that teachers are supportive of our service for several reasons:
In demonstrations, the vast majority of law enforcement officers want to be backed up by drones. It’s like having a pack of police dogs available on demand, taking the risk so an officer doesn’t have to risk his or her life making a tactical entry solo. We provide situational awareness to the officer in real time during the response - he or she is no longer alone.
We are like having an invisible SWAT team hidden in the ceiling of the school. We only fly the drones when a teacher has said that your child’s life is at risk, so we hope your child never sees our drones, apart from potentially during a full drill exercise. In general, our surveying of students has discovered that they find drones less frightening than teams of police doing clearing with long guns.
The vast majority of parents who have seen a live demonstration of our service want it in their schools. In two TV polls, KSAT found that 85% of parents want it in their schools, and KARK found that 91% want it. Our service is very compelling when you see it live.
Our standard school pricing is roughly $1 per square foot for initial setup, and then roughly $0.25 per square foot per year for the managed service. We work with each partner during our discovery process to provide clear pricing estimate based on your unique campus setup, square footage, and unique needs.
Yes. We have a detailed white paper on our ROI, available on request, but it is made up of:
No. Only an officer can arrest someone. Our goal is to distract and degrade a school shooter until law enforcement can arrive on scene, saving lives, because every second matters.
It has varied by school, district and state:
Yes. We have already seen schools in Texas and Georgia contract with us using funds from the Texas and Georgia legislatures. The DOJ COPS STOP grant program for FY27 includes report language specifically highlighting non-lethal drones as a focus area for innovation.
Would you run a school without a sprinkler system to prevent fires? The last mass fire in a school was in 1958, since then thousands of children have been shot in schools, and 2026 is currently on track to be the deadliest year on record according to the School Safety Database. Your children are far more likely to get shot than burnt in a fire. Every day that you do not have an Active Shooter Suppression System in place is an additional day of risk taken unnecessarily.
We do, it’s part of the service offering.
We support mental health charities and spending on mental health to reduce the likelihood that a team resorts to an act of gun violence, just as we should spend money on teaching teens that arson is wrong. But we still put sprinkler systems in schools to stop fires, we don’t rely entirely on mental health. The two are not mutually exclusive, the question is whether improving child safety from gun violence in schools is worth the associated cost?
That is a question that every school, parent, teacher, citizen and legislator must weigh for themselves. However:
Yes, we negotiated our contract and Master Service Agreement with the outside counsel for Boerne ISD, Walsh Gallegos. From their website: “For over 40 years, Walsh Gallegos has dedicated itself to serving school districts, charter schools, and other educational and governmental institutions. Our attorneys in Albuquerque, Amarillo, Austin, Houston, Irving, Oklahoma City, Rio Grande Valley, and San Antonio are knowledgeable in every aspect of school law. We are innovators in client service and pride ourselves on practical, straightforward counsel on matters involving personnel, student issues, facilities & business, special education, and litigation.”
Typically none, we have our own insurance, and we expect over time that school districts that use us will see decreased insurance premiums. To some degree, a school district is outsourcing first responder risk to us as a managed service. An ineffectual law enforcement response to an active shooter situation is likely the greatest existential financial risk to a school or school district - as per the settlements in the Uvalde and Parkland school shootings.
Campus Guardian Angel is a brand in the Mithril Defense family. Mithril Defense services a range of industries and customer types.
Yes, everywhere. Small drones have almost entirely replaced dogs in SWAT teams, because:
Yes we do. Legislatures represent citizens and parents as elected representatives, so we show legislatures how our service works and answer questions. Decisions on whether to install Fire Suppression Systems in schools are not taken at the local level, they are legislated, so every child is protecting from catastrophic fires, and that fire code has prevented mass deaths from fire in schools for decades. We believe that every child deserves an education free from the fear of mass gun violence, and that every school must have some type of active shooter defense capability on-site.
Our drones and service do not require guns. It is the only way that we can think of to confront active shooters in schools without putting guns into schools.